- During a marathon, the body significantly increases breathing and heart rate to supply muscles with more oxygen and nutrients, with some runners experiencing cardiac drift due to dehydration.
- Repetitive movements cause micro-tears in muscles, particularly in the lower body, leading to inflammation and adaptation, often resulting in delayed onset muscle soreness post-race.
- The body's core temperature rises due to energy production, triggering increased sweating and blood flow to the skin for cooling, which can lead to significant fluid and electrolyte loss.
- Metabolism increases, initially burning glycogen for rapid energy, but these stores are finite and deplete during the race.
- As glycogen stores diminish, the body switches to slower fat oxidation, increasing perceived effort and potentially causing runners to 'hit the wall' around 18-20 miles due to energy depletion.
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